Balsa wood for aeromodelling plane.

Making aircraft from balsa wood is a hobby that's fun. Did you know Aeromodelling Aircraft?

Aircraft division.
Aircraft is a tool that is made using air medium comprising:
a. Aircraft Aerodynamics, namely aircraft heavier than air (Heavier than AIR)
b. Aerostatis Aircraft, the aircraft lighter than air (LIGHTER THAN AIR)

Aircraft Aerodynamics consists of two groups: motorized and non-motorized aircraft. That motor is composed of a fixed wing (FIXED WING) and rotary wing (ROTARY WING). Winged aircraft aerodynamic motor but consists of airplanes, airplanes and amphibians. Which consists of a rotary winged Helicopter and Gyrocopter. Non-motorized aircraft aerodynamics consists of a glide plane (GLIDER), glider (sailplane) and a kite. Aerostatis aircraft consists of a dirigible and blimp.

Model Airplane division.
Basically sharing the same type of aircraft models with the actual aircraft. In general it can be distinguished as follows:

1.  Plane Model motor consisting of a fixed wing (FIXED WING) and rotary wing (ROTARY WING), there are both functioning as a sport (FLYING FUN), Trainer and Competition / Achievement.
2.  Motorized model aircraft consisting of the type of sport (FUN) and the Competition / Achievement.

There is also a model airplane is made to resemble the real plane both in the category of so-called FUN and Competition models Scale (SCALE MODEL).
For model aircraft competition / achievement standard classification have FAI (Federation Internationale Aeronatique) based in Paris, France.

Model Aircraft Classification According to the FAI. 

1.  Class F1 (Free Flight):
• F1A (Gliders A2)
• F1B (Rubber Power)
• F1C
• F1D
• F1E
• F1F
• F1G
• F1H (Glider A1)
• Chuck Glider / OHLG (On Hand Launched Glider)

2.  Class F2 (Control Line):
• F2a (CL Team Race)
• F2B (Aerobatic CL)
• f2c (CL Speed)
• F2D (Combat CL)

3.  Class F3 (Radio Control):
• F-3 A (RC Aerobatic)
• F-3 B (RC Soaring Glider)
• F-3 C (RC Helicopter)
• F-3 D (Pylon Racing)
• F-3 E (RC Electric Power)
• F-3 F (RC Slope Soaring)
• F-3 G (RC Power Glider)

4.  Class F4 (Scale Model):
• F-4 A (Free Flight Scale)
• F-4 B (CL Flying Scale)
• F-4 C (RC Flying Scale)

5.  Class F5 (Electric Model):
• F-5 A (Electric RC Aerobatic)
• F-5 B (Electric RC Glider)
• F-5 C (Electric RC Heli)
• F-5 D (Electric RC Pylon)

1.  Class F1 (Free Flight): 

One model that describes the entire principle of aerodynamics work is free-flying models.
Why this model? one of the reasons that the pilot does not have the ability to control the aircraft or model after regardless of its pilots. The aircraft lift force generated by the wing that just can not move my digerak
Furthermore, the ability of the model to continue to fly will depend on the structure and design of the design is applied .With longer able to fly in the air because there is not any good source of motive power generated by the engine and electric motor. Therefore, the model must have a high degree of accuracy and precision in aerodynamics are very high in order to fly in the air longer. Of course, supported by the expertise of its pilots in understanding weather and regulate the stability of the model.
This model can be played in the (INDOOR) or outdoor (OUTDOOR). One way is to throw a fly into the air which is popularly known as the Glider or OHLG CHUCK (Outdoor Hand Launched Glider). Good model would be able to fly more than 120 seconds (2 minutes). The form of this model is free but must have a wing area between 187.5 cm2 to 800 cm2. The beginner is strongly recommended to make this model because it will train how to cut and smooth the material as well as a basic understanding of the theory of aerodynamics. After practicing with OHLG models, usually the model maker who enjoyed free to try to fly a glider plane. This model has a wingspan of more than 150 cm. Broad wings of these models ranged between 32-34 dm 2 with a minimum weight of 410 grams.
This model was flown outside the room and usually place a broad, general air base the choice of the modeller. To bring this model into the air, the pilot will pull the rope length should not be more than 33 feet and must be completed colored flag. A helper hold the model and the pilot will turn the timer is useful to limit flight time. Good model will be on the air for 180 seconds (3 minutes) even more. When the time passed, the timer should work which will lead to the horizontal stabilizer (highlighter) on the position of the tail moves upward (VERTICAL) and thus forcing down a vertical plane like a parachute.
To achieve maximum times mentioned above is not possible simply by throwing a rope or pull models with specified along. There should be support rising air currents commonly called THERMAL. Because the pilots will try to break the model in the Thermal. Therefore, pilots had to run around the field to look for rising air column yan.
Is the thermal air movement up (vertical) because the air temperature difference as a result of geothermal radiation solar radiation. Geothermal will differ according to the state level, for example between air fields and buildings. The air above the building faster resulting in faster heat moves up

 • F1A (Gliders A2).

Definition of the model 
Model aircraft that are not equipped with propulsion (electric motor or piston) to get forward thrust and lift force (LIFT) produced only obtained from aerodynamic surfaces that are fixed (not movable)

Characteristic Model
This model has a surface area (St) 32-34 dm 2 and the weight should not be less than 410 grams. The maximum payload of 50 grams / dm 2. Maximum towing rope length with a load of 5 kg is 33 meters or 50 meters. Terms length determined by looking at the weather situation in the field and 1 day before the race and is valid until the end of the activities of this number.

Flight 

Each pilot has the right official flight on 7 occasions (first attempt greater than 20 seconds and the second attempt regardless of the outcome). Airmen are allowed to bring 1 helper to release the model. Towing rope must be separated from the model, which broadcasts and no part of the model is released. Towing rope between the participants should not be clashing. Airmen should not run too far so that the rope puller is not visible at the moment apart from the model. The committee will appoint 2 timekeeper within a radius of 10 meters in flight.

Rating Game 
Each participant has a chance 7 each flight with a maximum of 180 seconds. If there is the same amount it would be an additional cost on the round.

• Chuck Glider / OHLG (On Hand Launched Glider)

General Definitions 
Model OHLG or more often called by Chuck Glider is a model that is designed to fly freely with no power on the model that was thrown by a human hand in order to reach a certain height to begin its flight.

Model Provisions 
Free form with minimum wing area of ​​187.5 cm 2 and a maximum of 800 cm2.

Flight 
Flight conducted from the foot toss it must be grounded. Each participant is entitled to 7 official flight with the 4 best value. Each flight is only recorded up to 120 seconds (2 minutes) the rest do not. If any part of the aircraft despite the canceled flight. If the flight under 10 seconds given another chance in the round.
Recording time is done by two people appointed committee of organizers. The results are the average number recorded by the timekeeper 2. Flight time recorded since the plane out of hand and landed back on the ground, stopped flying because there is no obstacle, 10 seconds out of sight registrar.
Winners
The winner is the participant who has the highest amount of flight time of 4 best times. If not sure, then held an additional flight

2.  Class F2 (Control Line) 

What is meant by the Control Line models are model aircraft which are connected by a pair of steel wire with a handle or a U-shaped handle is gripped by the hand aviator. Such that each wire serves as the wire up and down the wire.
To model the small-sized and lightweight fishing line the fish can be used, while larger models generally use a steel wire with a diameter and length according to engine capacity and length of the wing. Generally wing length ranges from 90cm to 150cm. The capacity of the machine that is used between 2.5cc to 10 cc.
The model was flown will have a fixed distance according to the length of the rope. The circular trajectory plane where the pilot will be its axis.
The movement of the pilot's control handle is passed through the wire connector (LEAD OUT) in the bellcrank in the wing aircraft will be forwarded by the driving rod (PUSH ROD) to the flap and elevator.
By the time the wire is pulled up by the handle backward aviator elevators will then move up and vice versa. In this way the aircraft can move uphill (CLIMB) and dive (DIVE), including making circle movements (LOOP) or fly inverted (INVERTED)
Control Line models consist of several types and sizes. For beginners available simple models that have characteristics of high stability, robust and easy to manufacture.
If the novice aviators have advanced, can proceed with the build and fly the F-2B (Control Line Aerobatic) models.
Generally, this model has the ability to perform acrobatic movements or maneuvers high. Usually these models are equipped with a flap at the back of the wing. If the flap is moved to the bottom of the elevator will go up and vice versa.
The usefulness of this flap is to increase the lift force on the aircraft at low speeds. Cross-sectional shape for the wing with a strap-controlled models usually have a cross-section symmetrical wing is thicker at the top and bottom. This model has an engine capacity between 4cc to 9 cc with a maximum length of 21.5 meters rope. Generally, the modeller like models that are resistant to weather (strong winds) in this case to perform aerobatic movements like circles (LOOP) or horizontal figure 8 (EIGHT HORIZONTAL) etc.. Sesusai international standards, there are 16 official aerobatic flight in the championships.
Combat Model (F-2D) is the most attractive race number, because it has a high speed, good aerobatic capability, simple shapes. Combat flight is two pilots who flew the same model of the circular arena. Each model interesting piece of paper tape krepe .Each model will be trying to cut the ribbon so that the ribbon krepe his own and not truncated. Each cutting krepe will get the value, and the value will be reduced if violations. The capacity of the machine used shall not exceed 2.5 cc. And the second rope length should be the same aviator and a maximum of 16 meters.

• F2B (Aerobatic CL) 

General Definitions
Aircraft to fly a model in which power is obtained from the motor piston (must be less than 1) and lift force obtained from the supporting surface -permukaan models that can not be moved (except for areas like elevators rudder) during flight. Objects that are assessed maneuvers have been determined.

Model Provisions
The maximum weight of 5 kg
The maximum surface area (St) 150 DM2
The maximum payload of 100 gr / dm 2
Maximum capacity of 10cc motorcycle
Motor must be equipped with an effective noise reducer model must take-off from land

Ropes Controller 
The length should be more than 15 m but a maximum of 21.5 m measured from the handle aviator strap to the propeller shaft. Tests performed on the entire steering system, ropes and handles in a state ready to fly at 15 times the weight of the model

Flight 
The model has to be on the air (official flight) within 3 minutes
Each pilot has two top-flight business official (airs models)
If there are parts that regardless of the model of the flight is considered canceled
Airmen should bring helper 2 people
Official flight time is 7 minutes
Participants must complete the 16 maneuvers were performed sequentially
The committee will appoint a five person jury accompanied takers
Each participant is entitled to 2 times the official flight in the Qualification Round and will take the highest value
Limapeserta with the highest value of the right to enter the final round

• F2D (Combat CL) 

Definitions Match 

Combat games are games where two pieces of flying models simultaneously on the arena in a predetermined period of time with the aim of cutting each paper tape krepe (streamer) are mounted on the rear of the model. Each streamer cuts will be given the value

Definition Model 
Combat Model is a model in which the driving force is obtained from the motor as well as the style adopted resulting from aerodynamic forces acting on surfaces that can not be moved unless the field of steering

Arena match 
Combat arenas field consists of 2 (two) circle with a center that is clearly visible on the ground. Central Circle (Airmen) of radius 3 (three) meters, Circle flight model of 19 (nineteen) feet and Circle Pit (mechanical) 22 meters.

Participants game 
Pilots may carry two (2) mechanics, additional mechanical wet paper is allowed to hold krepe. During the match Pilots and mechanics need to use safety helmets with chin binder. Pilots may carry a backup 2 models along with the strap should be placed outside the center circle. The rest is left to the streamer model that falls should be moved to a backup plane ready to fly.

Characteristic Model 
Maximum surface area of ​​150 dm2. The maximum weight of 5 kg models. The maximum payload of 100 gr / dm 2. There should be no additional equipment to cut the streamer. Maximum motor capacity of 2.5 cc, when the ball bearings should have a silencer and the motor must have a binder on the axis of EAM. The model should have to put meralatan streamer and lies on the line shaft machine.

Terms Controls 
The length of the rope must equal the two fliers 15.92 m, measured from the pilot to handle propeller axis motors. Each handle must be equipped with a safety strap (SAFETY STRAP). Each start the game, power cords and steering system will be tested.

Rating Game 
The entire time the game was 5 minutes. 1 min The first models had to be alive and if that fails then declared lost. After a life model, the model must be flown after the sign was given by the head of the match (The Second). Where to 2 models already on the air, then the game will give leaders a sign that the battle to begin. Generally involved jury consists of a jury time, streamer, mechanics, pilots circle jury.
Each streamer cuts will have value, including flight time. The cut value is 100, for flight time will be given a value of 1 for every second. If the model of cutting the thread, not the paper it does not have value. The model without a streamer fly because apart will be fined 100 and must be landed. The end result is the number of components of existing values ​​are reduced by the violations committed by pilots and mechanics during the official flight took place.
The system matches are arranged usually on an agreement on the technical meeting before the game starts. Airmen can be declared failed (disqualification) when the machine model is not living in a time of 2 minutes, attacking the opponent models instead of paper tape or attacking his opponent krepe aviator.

3.  Class F3 (Radio Control) 

One of the models that have the technology and skills are the highest-controlled aircraft with radio waves (RADIO CONTROL). The most common example in daily life can be seen which is an electronic Remote Control for TV or video laser. With the help of these tools we can change our programs without having to move from his spot.
The principle is similar to radio-controlled models. In this type of pilot and aircraft are physically not in direct contact with intermediaries but radio waves to change direction, movement and speed of the model. During the flight the pilot was on land.
Airmen itself through the transmitter set model (TRANSMITTER) that has several channels (CHANNEL).
As for those channels each have their uses, among others, to control up and down the plane, determine the spin machine, turn the plane and there are several other functions that are tailored to the needs of the ability of the model aircraft.
Waves sent by the pilot on the ground through the channels of the equipment was received by the receiver (RECEIVER) on aircraft models, and then forwarded to the parts of the plane through the servo controller. This equipment is connected directly to the receiver via the cable.
Each servo is connected to the control-plane gets through the driving rod (PUSH ROD). The driver of the rod will channel servo motion controllers to regulate the field and aircraft such as aileron rudder (ailerons) on my
Models in this category there are 2 of the fixed wing (FIXED WING) general kind as the pad plane and rotary winged (ROTARY WING) or more popularly known HELICOPTER
Generally for beginners can use the model train (TRAINER RC), where the aircraft has a high degree of stability and a high lift besides simple in its use.
For this model, usually beginners are taught how to go up and down, turn and set up the spin machine. Currently there are two types of machines are commonly used that machine 2 steps and 4 steps. 4 stroke engines have a characteristic round lower but the power generated is greater. Usually used for aerobatic models.
Channel number (CHANNEL) this model is not too much, so that the pilot can easily understand the basic functions and capabilities of the radio control aircraft.
For a more advanced level used AEROBARTIC Radio Control model aircraft, aircraft movements to offset the more varied, the number of channels used more associated with additional control fields that are not needed at beginner model.
Another type uses radio as a means of controlling is the model gliders (Soaring GLIDER). In this case, the model is pulled by a rope 30 meters long as kite flying, then released. The aircraft will fly freely for controlled pilots.

• F-3 A (RC Aerobatic) 

Definition of the model
Controlled model aircraft aerodynamics through the steering fields to change the direction, speed and movement through radio waves by pilots on the ground.

Characteristic Model 
This model has a maximum wingspan of 2 meters, 2 meters long body with a total weight of 5 kg without fuel. Engine capacity is not limited, but the use is restricted 42-volt electric motor. All types of electronic control that works automatically prohibited.

Flight 
Airmen are allowed to bring one person mechanic who can also be held by the Manager. Two assistants can be present to start the engine and put the aircraft in takeoff position or off. Airmen entitled to one official flight attempt in which the results will be recorded regardless of the outcome. Airmen must complete the maneuver as much as 23 movement sequence. The committee will appoint a jury consisting of 5 people. If there is a detached part of the model, the flight should be terminated and the aircraft landed. Models must use wheel pendaratnya to stay and take off, not allowed to be thrown (HAND Launched). Airmen were given 10 minutes to complete the movement.
Rating Game
Each participant will be given the opportunity to carry out 3 flights in the allowance and the 2 best value will be used rank the participants. Five participants with the best value will go into the final round. In the final match, aviators have 2 opportunities to determine the champion.

• F-3 C (RC Helicopter) 

Definition of the model
Model aircraft heavier than air that gets lift from blades that rotate on a vertical axis and the aerodynamic steering through the fields to change the direction, speed and movement through radio waves by pilots on the ground.

Characteristic Model 
This model has a wide area of ​​the main rotor rotation should not exceed 300 DM2. For helicopters that have more than one rotor at different spindle vertical extent of the building can not exceed 300 DM2. The maximum weight of 6 kg models. The maximum engine capacity for the motor 2 step is 10 cc, 4 stroke motors are 20 cc. The use of limited 42-volt electric motor. All types of electronic control that works automatically prohibited. The main rotor blades (MAIN ROTOR) or the back (TAIL ROTOR) should not be made of metal.

Flight 
Airmen are allowed to bring one person mechanic who should announce at the start, finish and the name of each maneuver is performed. The maneuver must be done sequentially by 9 movement. The total flight time is 9 minutes. Mechanics may also explain the direction of the wind, the flight ban. Mechanical position can also be held by the Manager. Penenrbang allowed to take 2 model where the only allowed to be exchanged in the start box. If there is a detached part of the model, the flight should be terminated and the aircraft landed. The committee will appoint a jury consisting of 5 people.

Rating Game 
Each participant will be given the opportunity to carry out 3 flights in the allowance and the 2 best value will be used rank the participants. Five participants with the best value will go into the final round. In the final match, aviators have 2 opportunities to determine the champion.

4. Class F4 (Scale Model) 

Many years the modeller always develop in the aeromodelling hobby, one of which is to create a model that is a replica of the actual aircraft. The aircraft can be flown there or not, just as a miniature. At first, a model made of wood of choice, but after that the plastic material of choice.
It is most easily found for this model what if we went to the travel agency and tour. Usually they have a commercial aircraft models that provide air transport services. One example is the Airbus A-300 or Boeing 737
The beauty of this type of models is aeromodeller can create duplicate or clone of existing aircraft types. Its size depends on the type of aircraft that will be made by the modeller. Into consideration include labor costs, raw material costs, warehouse storage.
Many of the production is done as a home industry with raw materials of balsa wood. Balsa wood of choice is widely used because it is easily formed, cut or carved.
Usually the base material is shaped balsa beams. Then on the side of the fuselage side view drawn into a profile. Furthermore, use of electric cutting machine that follows the shape of the aircraft, after which the top is done as before. Other aircraft parts such as tails, wings and vertical fins also follows the same way of working.
The growth of large plastic industry enables the creation of this model in bulk.
The resulting model is also very diverse, ranging types of aircraft of World War I to the current model. In Indonesia, a few years ago might still be our memory is TAMIYA toy products. Several types of fighter aircraft such as the F-15, F-16 and B-29 bombers can be obtained in the market.
Scale model that can be flown also an exciting challenge for the aeromodeller. The aircraft can be controlled by radio or fly freely. Some classical models of choice, such as the P-51 Mustang and F-16. The plane has a level of resolution and accuracy in shape.

Balsa wood has different characteristics with plastic. Make your own balsa model aircraft with more fun and satisfying. Of course also more environmentally friendly. In Indonesia you can find balsa wood model planes for materials in hobby stores or online shop.

5.  Class F5 (Electric RC) 

One of the models that are popular today are electric powered models
(Electric power). The electric power obtained from the dynamo. For the electrical source can be from dry batteries (DRY CELL) which can be recharged (RECHARGEABLE).
Dynamo is connected to a shaft which in the end there is a propeller (PROPELLER) to produce a forward force. This model is controlled by pilots via radio (RADIO CONTROL)
Lately, this electric-powered models are increasingly popular, one reason is the modeller do not bother to clean the plane because there was no fuel (FUEL) remaining in the models. Besides, the power generated is quite large because the acceleration is channeled not much is lost due to a mechanical effect of the motor. If the engine model, the resulting performance is highly dependent on the quality of the fuel and air mixture that goes into the motor.
Currently, electric-powered motor can be found on the model helicopter with a maximum capacity of 42 Volt power is limited. In the free-flying aircraft (FREE FLIGHT) as the Glider models, power is usually used to achieve a certain height, after the motor is switched off and the model will be controlled search for hot air rising (THERMAL).
General characteristics of this model is a light weight and simple construction. Models are usually made of plastic foam (STYROFOAM), it is readily found if we buy electronic equipment such as TVs, which are used for shock protection.
Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com 
author:
http://schema.org/Personal.
https://plus.google.com/105319704331231770941.
name: Bambang Sunarno. 
http://centryblog.blogspot.com/2014/09/balsa-wood-for-aeromodelling-plane.html
DatePublished: September 15, 2014 at 14:03
Tag : Balsa wood for aeromodelling plane.

Indonesia balsa wood.

Balsa wood (Ochroma Pyramidale / Ochroma Bicolor) is native to South America. Ecuador as the largest producer of balsa wood. Ecuador has more than 60% of balsa in the world market. And what about the Indonesian ?

Indonesia currently accounts for about 5% of balsa international market, little did this is because the plant is not a plant balsa excellent for smallholder plantations (HTR). People prefer to plant Falcata (Albizia Falcata) compared to plant balsa wood. Why ...?

Let us trace the origin of this balsa cultivation. 
Government's reforestation program and a plywood company started balsa tree planting campaign by introducing balsa tree plantations on several corporate and private forest growers to be developed and cultivated. The campaign was well received and in trials by the plantation company.

Growth rate balsa tree that can reach a diameter of 25cm - 45cm within 3-5 years is very tempting to emulate the people around the plantation and growing balsa on critical land they have. Unfortunately ..., the campaign did not go well, at the time of harvest, the plantation companies do not have sufficient knowledge about this balsa wood processing. Frustration and disappointment makes them a rollicking cut down and replace it with a balsa plant crops according sengon that they are easier to sell.

Balsa wood, Processing, Utilization and Marketing.
Actually to understand the nature and characteristics of this balsa wood processing and utilization of the technique will be easier. With a density of 80-240 KG / M3, made of balsa wood as the lightest commercial wood. The structure of large pores that are useful for storing water makes a huge difference balsa wood is heavy when wet and dry. It also makes it easier balsa wood fungus resulting in patches of blue (Blue Stain).

The very large water content stored on these balsa wood, might just be dried with a drying technique using Kiln Dry (KD). Dry Air drying can be done but with the risk of damage to the wood caused by blue stain.

Balsa wood is very easy to work with because it is light wood with a fine fiber. Planed, cut, sanded, very easy to do on balsa wood. But for Indonesia, marketing is not as easy as balsa wood workmanship.
Indonesian society is still very unfamiliar with the name Balsa. Balsa wood is only popular in some parts of the aeromodelling community to be made into their model aircraft, but still a lot of use of this balsa wood.

Balsa Wood, General Utilization. 

All who knew aeromodelling must also be familiar with balsa wood. Balsa sheet, balsa and balsa strip product form balsa sticks are most needed by this aeromodelling enthusiasts.

Surfing Boards. 

If you ever take a walk on the beach of Kuta Bali, definitely see a lot of tourists who are surfing or surfing. Balsa wood is a favorite material for the manufacture of these surf boards, as well as the use of foam and polyurethane. Various advantages and disadvantages of balsa wood surf board I will write the next article.

Composite Core. 

Do you believe if I say that the 12 mm thick balsa could be equal to 3 mm steel plate ??? Wow, you are supposed to believe, with the composite sandwich technique, balsa wood with a 12 mm thick steel has a strength equal to 3 mm. Balsa core composite is used in the shipping industry (Boat Builder), Light Weight Vehicle (Low Vehicle Weight), aerospace industry, although now more used to aerospace PP Honeycomb as its core comoposite.

Float & Lure (buoys & bait fishing). 

Artificial Lure, or artificial baits made using balsa wood for light weight and easy to set up to resemble the original bait such as small fish, frogs, insects.

Art & Craft. 

Very easy to set up, even you only need a cutter knife to carve using balsa wood. The forms are beautiful, you can easily create these using balsa wood.

Actually there are many more use of balsa wood, but for this article I write the use of balsa wood that is very familiar or very common. You want to try ???

 Barriers and Challenges. 

The limited local market for Indonesia this balsa wood to make the farmers and plantation companies are reluctant to replant balsa wood, even from the government itself there is no support for this balsa whereas cultivation, these plants can grow in such a deep well in Indonesia.

The government gave the jungle plants category for plants balsa, size restrictions are allowed for export, Tata transportation business that requires use FAKO instead of using a memorandum of conveyance as well as plants that have been enacted in other wood such as falcata, be some challenge for entrepreneurs is balsa wood.

Other than that, the international market is still very much in need of this balsa wood, rapid life cycle, light weight, awesome strength made of balsa wood as a future idol. So, I invite you to start planting balsa trees these days, because of the opportunity to reap the benefits of planting balsa wood is still very large.

Why buyers choose Wood Balsa Wood Certified VLK. 

Is timber legality verification (VLK)? Why balsa wood certification Indonesia must have a VLK? To support the Stop Illegal Logging and Timber Legal Administration, Overseas Buyers and Home Affairs prefer products certified VLK. They are proud to be part of a sustainable forest management program.

What it TLVS? 

Timber Legality Verification System or TLVS serves to ensure wood products and raw materials obtained or derived from sources that its origins and management meet the legal aspect. Wood called legal if the origin of timber, logging permit, logging systems and procedures, transporting, processing, and trade his or alienation can be proven to meet all applicable legal requirements. TLVS standards, criteria, indicators, verifiers, verification methods, and norms agreed assessments stakeholders. Before manufacturers (IUI holder or SFM) obtain the certificate VLK auditor who has been accredited by the National Accreditation Board will assess the extent of compliance with standards and criteria producer VLK. When escaped in this assessment, the manufacturer will get VLK certificate valid for 3 years and will be audited annually.

All exports and domestic sales of forestry products including balsa wood VLK must include a certificate as a form of endorsement. Without this certificate the manufacturer can not export forest products. What forestry products require a VLK endorsements and certificates can be read here

Why TLVS important. 

Governments in some countries have regulations importers to prove the legality of wood products in circulation, including those derived from imports, in each country. For example, the Government of the United States (USA) enforce the Lacey Act, the European Union (EU) with the Timber Regulation, Australian Illegal Logging Prohibition Act, and Japan with Green Konyuho (Goho Wood). Therefore, Indonesia must be able to prove that wood products exported from Indonesia is legal. If not then the global market will reject our products.

With TLVS, foreign markets become no doubt that the wood products they purchase from Indonesia not from ilegall logging. With TLVS, the farmers of the forest and indigenous people can raise their bargaining position and not have to worry discredited as timber when transporting wood for sale.

The legal basis TLVS 

TLVS came into force in June 2009 from the Indonesian Government issued Decree No. Forestry P.38 / Menhut-II / 2009. It occurs when the Minister of Forestry at that time, MS Kaban, approve and adopt the proposed stakeholders become mandatory Standards and Guidelines for Performance Assessment of Sustainable Forest Management (SFM) and the Timber Legality Verification (VLK). In the journey continues to be refined with a revised TLVS P.38 / Menhut-II / 2009 to Regulation No. P.68 / Menhut-II / 2011 and added the revised Regulation No. P.45 / Menhut-II / 2012 and Permenhut No.P.42 / Menhut-II / 2013. Demands on the legality of wood products and materials is not new. TLVS present as a mandatory system for ensuring compliance with all regulations pertaining to the distribution and timber trade in Indonesia. And for trade exit / export permits one timber products requires the use of V-Legal Documents (Verified Legal), as required by the Minister of Trade Regulation No. 64 / M-DAG / PER / 2012.

Who Should Have TLVS. 

In Section 2 Permenhut No. P38 / Menhut-II / 2009 VLK shall be applied by the Management Unit follows:
Utilization License Timber Forest Products (IUPHHK) in Natural Forest and Plantation Forest Industry
Community Forest or Forest People
License Holder Primary Forest (sawmil etc) and Advanced Industries (timber mill)
Private Forests (Forests are located on land owned).
Timber Utilization Permit Holders (GPA)
VLK Wood Balsa Wood Indonesia
Products such as balsa wood balsa wood sheets, sticks, strips, balsa block s4s, end grain balsa, laminating product is including forestry product categories that must meet the standards TLVS. Therefore, to prove that the balsa wood Indonesia is a legal product in the eyes of the world and simultaneously expand the overseas market, all manufacturers and sellers must comply with balsa wood. Buyers balsa wood both abroad and in the country is aware that this program is important and should be a success in order to realize sustainable forest management, which in turn could conserve nature and our earth.  The buyer has pride in itself if you buy balsa wood products certified, meaning that they feel part of a program to save the earth, where our children and grandchildren someday.
Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com 
author:
http://schema.org/Personal.
https://plus.google.com/105319704331231770941.
name: Bambang Sunarno. 
http://centryblog.blogspot.com/2014/09/indonesia-balsa-wood.html

DatePublished: September 15, 2014 at 12:26

Tag : Indonesia balsa wood.

Wood Stigi.

Setigi (Stigi) is one of the magical wood / wood auspicious most popular. Even most of the people we think of as the "King of Wood Sorcerer". Hard wood that has character, strong and dynamic, there are 2 types of Setigi Setigi sea and land.

Sea Setigi commonly grows in coastal areas, the color is dark brown and the longer touched by hand then the color will get older / blackish brown. Setigi sea faded slightly yellowish white but over time will turn a dark brown.

Setigi ground color is black and the longer it will be black. Because squeezed hard object Setigi land has fiber / texture more rough or uneven (striped) as it grows on barren and rocky soil. Setigi land his presence is very rare. Bengkoang Island and twins in the islands of Karimun island of Java Jepara is the island's best Setigi in Indonesia.

The second similarity Setigi, both drowned when put in the water (although a piece) in the sea timber will sink to the bottom bottom. If affixed to the body part bitten or stung by venomous animals (snakes, kalajengkling, centipedes, etc..) Can be attached later can suck inside the victim's body until exhausted and Setigi regardless of the skin by itself. On the other hand, wood Setigi if it is in the hands of people who behave well, can be a "plant" spiritual power.

Setigi timber supposedly used Sunan edor Nyamplungan to hit the snake that bit him when traveling in the forest so that Sunan Nyamplungan Karimun Java became angry and said, eventually snake edor be rabun.sampai now Setigi wood can still be found in the islands of Karimun Java Jepara.

Since ancient times, Setigi wood has been used primarily by the warlords in order to "hold at" and strengthen the blow. And in particular, despite a shift in the orientation of living in modern times, Setigi still popular although for different utilizations. At this time the aura Setigi functioned to enhance the charisma and authority, especially for leaders.

Wood Setigi believed to function:

* Strengthens and helps to heal rheumatic disorders
* Increase charisma self
* The authority
* Congratulations from malicious intent, magic
* Vacuum venom venomous animals
* Immunity for suitable

Benefits of Wood Setigi.

Setigi is the most popular wood among magical wood. Most people refer to as the "King of Wood Sorcerer" because it has the character of "hard, strong, and dynamic". Setigi hands of people who behave well, can be a "generator" for spiritual strength. Setigi original wood color is reddish black and drown if put in the water (though only a piece).

Many found in the region adjacent to the sea shore and is usually grown calcareous ground. This tree leaves its leaves resemble brown velvet or durian is green with red copper bottom. This wood is still fresh white but over time turns reddish brown, and if it hit the only cause unconsciousness, not death.
Wood naturally Stigi already has certain metaphysical energy and power. Wood was not only auspicious mere story, for those of you who are able to wander will know that this wood has an energy content of metaphysics are quite strong and are generally expected to draw or suck so what is intended to be realized.
The results of the study in 1987-1989 with Chronometer / aura photo shows the energy contained in the "Wood Stigi", doubling the amount of energy compared Tosan Aji or heirloom. If energy heirlooms at level 50, wooden magical energy such as wood Stigi reach level 100 Wood Setigi attached to the body (necklaces, rings, bracelets, etc.) led to an aura of orange and red show this timber the dominant element of force (vitality, hope, and emotions). Dominant energy in the head (brain).

Functions and properties / benefits of this Setigi Wood Inshallah:

1 Counteract negative power of black magic and other
2 Refuse outbreaks of infectious diseases and cancer cure
3 Treating venomous animal bites
4. increase charisma and personal authority
5. Gives body strength.

In addition, the Society has been using the word bark Setigi Inshallah also helpful as a cure sick sugar. Ways cure is as follows:
1 Setigi Bark in the clear
2 Then Bast Setigi Cut to size your taste
3 After the cut bark Setigi wajang entered and added to water
4 Cook until the water turns into warnah Tea
5. Drink 2 times a day, and the rest of Setigi bark that has been cooked in dry so the bark can be used again.
In addition to the wood which has a share in the benefits, Setigi can also be used to share both women and men's accessories including:
1 Bracelet
2 Tasbih
3 Ring
4. Rope Waist
5. Miniature Cruise
6 Sticks, and others. Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
author:
http://schema.org/Personal.
https://plus.google.com/105319704331231770941.
name: Bambang Sunarno.
http://centryblog.blogspot.com/2014/09/wood-stigi.html
DatePublished: September 15, 2014 at 10:13

Tag : Wood Stigi, Setigi, Kayu Stigi, Kayu Setigi

Fatimah grass.

Streamlining Truth Birth Fatimah grass.
Many opinions are circulating that could facilitate the birth of Fatimah grass. How the results of laboratory studies, whether fatimah grass can indeed facilitate pregnancy?

Grass Fatimah (Labisia pumila) is known as a traditional medicine to help facilitate the birth process. A 1998 study in Malaysia, found that it contains the hormone oxytocin in the grass Fatimah. This hormone can stimulate the onset of contractions. This is what makes the grass Fatimah are known as a drug that can help childbirth.

Fatimah grass usually soaked in boiled water until fluffy, then soaking water is drunk. In addition, fatimah grass is also used to assist in the recovery of uterine contractions after childbirth. But, because including traditional medicine, so there is no definite proportion.

Arabic origin shrub, sometimes called 'Rose Jeriko' and has the Latin name Labisa pumila is quite famous among pregnant women, especially the labor.
This beautiful fatimah grass does have content that oxytocin stimulates uterine contractions. The same substances given when obstetricians perform induction procedures on pregnant women who give birth.

Usually the grass is soaked fatima water until fluffy, then its soaking water to drink to the mother who will give birth to facilitate childbirth. So myth.
The problem is, the content that was in the grass oxytocin fatima it can not be measured dose? especially the longer the grass is soaked (as yet to bloom-bloom probably) the dose is is idakalso more concentrated.
So that the effect can be very dangerous if we are wrong dosage and consume rules. Drinking grassroots fatima marinade will cause problems. If the cervix is not open, the strong effect of the contraction can be dangerous, can lead to the risk of bleeding due to uterine contractions that cause the rupture of blood vessels and muscle stress. Induced contraction will be very high, with no break time break. What often happens, pregnant women had to drink from home. As a result, the contractions really strong, but the opening is not in accordance with the contractions.
Fatima grass should only be consumed when it is near the time of delivery, ie when opening already above 6, not at the time of rupture of the amniotic fluid. If the grass is consumed before opening fatima 6 abnormal contraction will occur. This can be very dangerous for mothers who give birth. The worst impact can tear the lining of the uterus and heavy bleeding is difficult to stop.

Therefore, although in some cases greatly assist the process of delivery, we should parents / husband / wife to be careful when deciding you want to consume this fatima grass. Strive consult a gynecologist us first about the benefits / harm her.
Do not be surprised if many clinicians would prohibit its use for fear of danger to the mother and baby. Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com 
author:
http://schema.org/Personal.
https://plus.google.com/105319704331231770941.
name: Bambang Sunarno. 
http://centryblog.blogspot.com/2014/09/fatimah-grass.html
DatePublished: September 15, 2014 at 09:27

Tag : Fatimah Grass.

Kediri Kingdom.

Kediri kingdom is a large kingdom in East Java, which stands in the 12th century. This kingdom is part of the Ancient Mataram Kingdom. Kerajaanya Center is located on the banks of the Brantas S. at that time had become a busy shipping lane.

Establishment of the kingdom of Kediri. 

Tondowongso discovery site in early 2007, which is believed to be the relics of the kingdom of Kadiri is expected to help provide more information about the kingdom. Several statues of ancient relics of the kingdom of Kediri. Statues found in Gayam village, Kediri was relatively rare because for the first time discovered a statue of Lord Shiva Chess Advance or four-faced. 

In the year 1041 or 963 M King Airlangga ordered to divide the empire into two parts. The division of the kingdom is done by a Brahmin who is known for his power is Bharada MPU. Both of these kingdoms became known as Kahuripan Jenggala (Kahuripan) and Panjalu (Kediri) is bounded by mountains and rivers Brantas Kawi told in Mahaksubya inscription (1289 AD), the book Negarakertagama (1365 AD), and book Charcoal Candidate (1540 AD). The purpose of the division of the kingdom into two in order to avoid conflict.

Jenggala royal delta covers an area of ​​Malang and Surabaya Brantas river with its harbor, Apex, and Pasuruhan, Kahuripan its capital, while Panjalu then known as Kediri Kediri include, Madison, and its capital Daha. Based on inscriptions found each kingdom each feel entitled to the entire throne, Airlangga so there was war.

In late November 1042, Airlangga was forced to divide his kingdom because his two sons vied for the throne. Son named Sri Samarawijaya get named Panjalu western empire centered in the new city, the Daha. While son named Mapanji Garasakan get named Janggala eastern empire centered in the old city, which is Kahuripan. Panjalu can be controlled Jenggala and diabadikanlah name Mapanji Garasakan King (1042 - 1052 AD) in the inscription Malenga. He still wears the symbol of the Kingdom of Airlangga, namely Garuda Mukha.

At the beginning of the civil war, won by Jenggala but on further developments Panjalu / Kediri who won the war and mastering all of the throne, Airlangga. Thus in East Java Kediri kingdom stood where the evidence explaining the kingdom, in addition to the discovery of the inscriptions also through literature books. And a lot of explaining about the kingdom of Kediri is a book of literary works. The results of the literature is a book written Kakawin Bharatayudha Sedah MPU and MPU Panuluh which tells about the victory of Kediri / Panjalu on Jenggala.

The development of the kingdom of Kediri. 

In a development that is capitalized Daha Kediri kingdom grow into large, while the kingdom Jenggala the sink. Allegedly Jenggala conquered by the Kingdom of Kediri. However, the loss of trace Jenggala may also be caused by the absence of inscriptions left behind or not the discovery of inscriptions left by the Kingdom Jenggala. Triumph of the kingdom of Kediri had fallen when King Kertajaya (1185-1222) at odds with the clergy. This situation is exploited by Akuwu Tumapel Ametung.

But then his position was taken by Ken Arok. Above this is the former kingdom of Kediri Ken Arok later founded the kingdom Singasari, and Kediri under the authority Singasari. When Singasari under the rule Kertanegara (1268 1292), there was unrest in the kingdom. Jayakatwang, king of Kediri which has been subject to Singasari joined Regent Sumenep (Madura) to drop Kertanegara. Finally in 1292 Jayakatwang beat Kertanegara and rebuild the glory of Kediri kingdom.

Political developments Kediri kingdom. 

Mapanji Garasakan ruled shortly. He was replaced King Mapanji Alanjung (1052 - 1059 AD). Mapanji Alanjung then replaced again by Sri Maharaja Samarotsaha. Ongoing battle between Jenggala and Panjalu cause for 60 years there is no clear news about the two kingdoms until the emergence of the name of King Bameswara (1116-1135 AD) of Kediri.

At that time the capital was moved from Panjalu Daha Kediri so this kingdom known as the Kingdom of Kediri. King Bameswara use the royal insignia fanged skull above a crescent moon which is called Candrakapala. After Bameswara abdicated, he was replaced Jayabaya`s that in his reign that had defeated Jenggala. Successive kings of Kediri since Jayabaya`s as follows.

In the year 1019 AD crowned king Airlangga Medang Kamulan. Airlangga trying to restore the dignity Medang Kamulan, after berahasil royal authority restored, Airlangga move the administrative center of Medang Kamulan to Kahuripan. Thanks to his efforts, Medang Kamulan achieve greatness and prosperity. Towards the end of his life, Airlangga decided to withdraw from the government and became a recluse as Resi Gentayu. Airlangga died in 1049 AD

The heir apparent should Medang Kamulan namely Sri Sanggramawijaya a daughter who was born of an empress. But for becoming a recluse, turning on the throne, Airlangga son born of a concubine. To avoid a civil war, Medang Kamulan divided into two kingdoms Kahuripan Jenggala with the capital, and the kingdom of Kediri (Panjalu) with the capital Dhaha. But these efforts have failed. It can be seen until the 12th century, where the Kediri kingdom remains a fertile and prosperous peaceful but still not entirely due overshadowed Jenggala who are in a weaker position. It made the atmosphere dark, full of hypocrisy and murder took place on the prince and the king - the king between the two countries. But this dispute ended with the defeat Jenggala, dipersatukandi back under the rule of the kingdom of Kediri.

Kediri kingdom system of government. 

Kediri kingdom system of government occurred several times in the succession, while the king - the king who ever ruled in the kingdom of Kediri is:
Shri Jayawarsa mighty Shastraprabhu
Jayawarsa was the first king of the kingdom of Kediri with inscriptions that dates to the year 1104. He named himself as the incarnation of Vishnu.

Kameshwara. 

King to the two kingdoms of Kediri who holds Sri Maharajarake Sirikan Shri Kameshwara Sakalabhuwanatushtikarana Sarwwaniwaryyawiryya Parakrama Digjayottunggadewa, better known as Kameshwara I (1115-1130). Lancana kerajaanya is called Candrakapala fanged skull. In the reign Darmaja MPU has changed samaradana book. In this book in praise of the king praised as incarnation of the god Kama, and its capital whose beauty is admired around the world named Dahana. Shri queen named Kirana, which comes from Janggala.

Jayabaya`s. 

King kediri third degree Maharaja Shri Shri Shri Kroncarryadipa Handabhuwanapalaka Parakramanindita Digjayotunggadewanama Gandra. With prasatinya in 1181. most famous king of Kediri is Jayabaya`s King, under the reign of Kediri achieve greatness. Expertise as an accomplished political leader Jayabaya`s famous with his predictions. The predictions were collected in a book entitled Joyoboyo stall. Spiritual and material support of the King Jayabaya`s and the culture and literature is not half-hearted. Populist attitude and vision are far ahead makes prabu Jayabaya`s distinct.

King Sarwaswera. 

As the king's religious and cultural, prabu Sarwaswera uphold the principle that means tat wam asi Dikaulah it, dikaulah (all), all beings are thee. The purpose of human life according to the last Sarwaswera prabu is mooksa, namely pemanunggalan jiwatma with paramatma. The right path is something that is moving towards unity, everything that hinders unity is not true.

King Kroncharyadipa. 

His name means Beteng truth, the prabu has always done justice to its people. As a devout religious plemeluk control themselves with the principles of his administration, sad kama wrath, the six kinds of enemies in man. The sixth is kroda (anger), moha (confusion), kama (lust), greedy (greedy), mada (drunk), masarya (envy).

Srengga Kertajaya. 

Srengga Kertajaya unremitting hard work for the sake of the nation state. Communities safe and secure so he hoped. The principle of the sanctity of prabu Srengga according to the puppeteer described by Prapanca.

Government Kertajaya 

The last king of Kediri in the future. Kertajaya noble king and is very concerned with the people. Kertajaya known as the checkers clan which means four roads, namely Dharma, arta, kama, moksha.

Social life of the kingdom of Kediri. http://centryblog.blogspot.com
Kediri social life is quite good because it increases the public welfare of the people live in peace, it is seen from the homes of its people are good, clean, and neat, and tile floors are colored yellow, and green as well as people have been using cloth until Kediri under knee. With the lives of its people safe and peaceful then art can flourish among others the most advanced literature is the art of literature. It is evident from the many literature results that you can know up to now.

The results of the literature, other than as described in the previous description of the material are still many other literary books is like a book written Hariwangsa and Gatotkacasraya Panuluh during Jayabaya`s Mpu, Mpu works Darmaja Simaradahana book, book Lubdaka and Tan Akung Wertasancaya Mpu works, the book Kresnayana works and books Sumanasantaka Triguna Mpu, Mpu Monaguna work. Everything was produced during the reign of Kameswara.

Tondowongso discovery site in early 2007, which is believed to be the relics of the kingdom of Kadiri is expected to help provide more information about the kingdom. Several statues of ancient relics of the kingdom of Kediri. Statues found in Gayam village, Kediri was relatively rare because for the first time discovered a statue of Lord Shiva Chess Advance or four-faced.

Social life in Kediri kingdom times can we see in the book of Ling-Wai-Tai-Ta compiled by Chou Ku-Fei in the year 1178 AD The book states that the people of Kediri wear cloth below the knees and her hair to be parsed. The houses were on average very clean and neat. The floor is made of tiles are colored yellow and green. His government was very concerned about the state of his people so that agriculture, animal husbandry, and trade progress quite rapidly. Classes of society Kediri divided into three based position in the royal government.
Group 1 community center (kingdom), which is contained in the environmental community and some of the king's relatives and servants group.
Group 2 thani community (region), which is a community group made up of government officials or officers in the area thani (area).
3 Group of non-governmental community, which community groups that have no government status and relationship with the public official or self-employed. Kediri have 300 more officers in charge of taking care of and record all royal income. In addition, there are 1,000 petty official in charge of taking care of the fort and the city moat, the royal treasury, and building food supplies.

Kediri kingdom is born of the division of the kingdom of Mataram by King Airlangga (1000-1049). Solving this is done in order to avoid disputes between the children his mistress. There is no clear evidence of how the kingdom is broken down and into pieces. In the Chronicle stated that the kingdom was divided four or five sections. But in its development, only two kingdoms are often called, the Kediri (Pangjalu) and Jenggala. Samarawijaya as the rightful heir to the kingdom got the old capital, namely Dahanaputra, and the name was changed to Pangjalu kingdom also known as the Kingdom of Kediri.

Economic conditions in the Age of Kadiri Kingdom. http://centryblog.blogspot.com 

Kediri economy comes over trade, livestock, and agriculture. Kediri known as a producer of rice, cotton and silk worms. Thus viewed from the economic aspect, the kingdom of Kediri quite prosperous. This is evident from the kingdom's ability to provide a steady income employees paid with cash crops. This information is obtained based on the book of Chi-Fan-Chi and the book of Ling-wai-tai-ta.

Literature and Inscriptions at Kadiri Kingdom Age. 

Inscription on Kadiri Kingdom era such as:
a. Banjaran inscription which dates to the year 1052 AD describes Panjalu or Kadiri victory over Jenggala
b. Inscription Hantang 1135 or 1052 AD describes Panjalu or Kadiri during King Jayabaya.Pada this inscription there Panjalu Jayati motto which means Menang.Prasasti Kadiri is issued as an instrument of ratification of a boon for the villagers Ngantang loyal to Kadiri during the war with Jenggala.Dan of the inscription can be in the know that the King is king Jayabhaya beat Janggala and unite again with Kadiri.

Inscription Japan as 1144 AD 

Inscription 1136 Talan M Arts literature also got a lot of attention in the days of the kingdom of Kadiri. Bhāratayuddha Kakawin in 1157 written by Mpu Mpu Panuluh Sedah and resolved. This book comes from the Mahabharata that contains the Pandavas victory over the Kauravas, as a metaphor, victory.

Literary arts received much attention in the days of the Kingdom Panjalu-Kadiri. Bhāratayuddha Kakawin in 1157 written by Mpu Mpu Panuluh Sedah and resolved. This book comes from the Mahabharata that contains the Pandavas victory over the Kauravas, as a metaphor victory over Sri Jayabhaya Janggala.

In addition, the MPU Panuluh also write Kakawin Hariwangsa and Ghatotkachasraya. There is also a poet of the reign of Sri Kameswara named Mpu Dharmaja who wrote Kakawin Smaradahana. Later during the reign of Kertajaya are poets who write Monaguna named Mpu and Mpu Sumanasantaka Triguna who wrote Kresnayana.

In addition to the books of literature and the inscription above, also found that many Chinese news gives an overview of the life of society and governance Kediri that can not be found from other sources. China News is compiled through a book titled Ling-mai-tai-ta written by Cho-ku-Fei in 1178 AD and the book of Chu-Fan-Chi written by Chau Ju-Kua-1225 through the inscription of M. Thus, literary books and books written by Chinese people is the development of Kediri.

The collapse of Kediri.   http://centryblog.blogspot.com 

The collapse of the empire during the reign of Kediri due Kertajaya, there is a conflict with the Brahmans. They have violated menggangap Kertajaya religion and forcing meyembahnya as gods. Then the Brahmans asked Ken Arok protection, akuwu Tumapel. The feud culminated in a battle in the village of Ganter, in the year 1222 AD In the pertempuarn Ken Arok can beat Kertajaya, at that time marked the end of Kediri kingdom.

After successfully budge the Kertanegara, Kediri Kingdom bounced back under the rule of Jayakatwang. One of the squad leaders Singasari, Raden Wijaya, had escaped to Madura. Due to good behavior, Jayakatwang allow Raden Wijaya to open Pull Forest as an area where he lives. In 1293, came the army sent by the Mongol Emperor Kublai Khan to take revenge against Kertanegara. Raden Wijaya advantage of this situation to attack Jayakatwang. He cooperated with the Mongols and Madura troops under the leadership of Arya Wiraraja to demolish Kediri. In the war Jayakatwang forces easily defeated. After that no more news about the kingdom of Kediri.  Thank you for reading this article.
Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com 
author:
http://schema.org/Personal.
https://plus.google.com/105319704331231770941.
name: Bambang Sunarno. 
http://centryblog.blogspot.com/2014/09/kediri-kingdom.html
DatePublished: September 14, 2014 at 13:57

Tag : Kediri Kingdom.

Glimpse of Kediri.

Kediri. 

Kediri is basically very close to the chronicles of the kings of Java Kediri kingdom Specifically, such Joyoboyo, Dhaha (King Panjalu), professor Spoon, R. Wijaya, Airlangga, and Gajah Mada. Kediri community life based on farming and agricultural-based industrial building. Java philosophies and peace is the focus in people's lives.

The name is derived from slate Kediri "Harinjing" Siman found in the village, district Surround. Starting with a character named Bagawanta Bari own ends successfully completed dam Sarinjing to fertilize farmland. Because of his service, he received the "Land Pradikan" in the village Culanggi (Besowo, District Surround) on March 25 BC. The prize is awarded by the king Rake Layang Dyah Tulodong which controls the kingdom of Mataram. Because of the incident, the anniversary of Kediri set tanggan March 25 each year.

Geographically located in Kediri, East Java Province Southern hemisphere. In Ecological, Kediri region flanked by two mountain opposite nature, namely Kelud in East of which are volcanic and toward the west of Mount Wilis in non volcanic. in the central part of the district of Kediri transverse flow of the Brantas River, which divides the district of Kediri into two parts with a low-lying stretch of fertile rice fields to the east of the river eradicate.
The capital is Kediri. The district borders the northern Jombang, Malang regency in the east, and Blitar districts in southern Tulungagung, Madiun and Ponorogo regency in the west, as well as Nganjuk in the west and north.
Kediri regency consists of 23 districts, which are further divided over a number of villages and wards. This is the district capital of Kediri, but now the seat of government moved gradually began to Pare districts.

Tourism Potential. 

Petilasan Sri Aji Joyoboyo. Petilasan is located in the village district wins. Ceiling, about 8 km to the east of the town of Kediri. Ternpat is where Sri Aji Joyoboyo Mukso Loka (lost with his body). Sri Aji Joyoboyo is the King of Kediri in the XII century and is famous for the book "Joyoboyo Jongko" which contains predictions of events in the future. Each 1 Suro in customs held by the Foundation Hontodento - Bangalore along with the Government of Kediri Regency. In this tourism object visitors can see the kingdom of Kediri heritage buildings, such as the mukso, halls - halls and kuluk + 4 feet tall.

Kerot totok statue is a statue of a giant woman Berkalung shaped skull with + 300 cm high statue, located in the hamlet village Kunir Bulupasar District of Ceiling + 8 km to the east of the town of Kediri. Legend totok Kerot starts from a beautiful princess from Blitar applying Sri Aji Joyoboyo. Because the application is rejected, then there was a battle between the forces against the forces Lodoyo Win. Finally, the princess is cursed by Sri Aji Joyoboyo that change form a giant statue of a woman shaped Dwarapala known as TOTOK KEROT.

Surowono temple. 

It is a place of purification is one of the Wengker King King Bottoms Government during King Hayam Wuruk of Majapahit Kingdom. A Square-shaped with a size of 8 x 8 meters and was founded in 1400 AD. Tourism attractions Surowono temple is the work of building the temple relics of the past history and the building of underground tunnels vang flowing clear water with a forked road - pretty much the branch is located + 100 meters from the temple. Surowono temple, located in the village of Canggu District of Pare, about 25 kilometers Northeast from Kediri.

Kelud. 

Nature is a village located in the District Sugihwaras Ngancar with objects Volcanic crater which is still active, the expanse of lava from Mount Kelud vomit, steep cliffs next to the South, along the tunnel Ampera? 100 Meters and stunning natural scenery, can be reached by four-wheel vehicles, from Kediri to the District Ngancar? 27 km from the District to the Village Sugihwaras Ngancar? 5 Km from the village towards Sightseeing Sugihwaras Kelud crater? 5 Km

Dolo Waterfall. 

Located at an altitude of 1,200 m above sea level. water falls from a height of 125 m + Besuki village located in the hamlet of Jugo, District Mojo + 25 km to the West Kediri with 85 hot mix road conditions.

Waterfall Ngleyangan. 

Ngleyangan waterfall waterfall also called Sekartaji + 20 km to the Northwest Kediri Goliman precisely in the hamlet village of Parang District of Banyakan. The fall of water from a height of 123 + meters is the appeal of these attractions are in addition to the cool air as altitude of 800 meters above sea level at the same time an exciting tourist rides because of the thick foliage of the surrounding forest.

Sources Ubalan Tourism Park. 

Source Ubalan tourist attraction in the form of the natural protected forest with various types of forest trees which covers approximately 10 hectares. besides that it is also a source of water in the middle of the forest air cool. Ubalan source region also provides a swimming pool, fishing pond, outdoor stage, pond boat, restaurant, children's toys, beautifully laid out gardens and beautiful. Source Ubalan located approximately 18 km to the east of Kediri Kalasan precisely in Hamlet Village Distance District of Plosoklaten, can be reached by various types of vehicles.

Old church Puh Sarang. 

Old Church Catholics are built with non-followers with Ir. Hendricus Maclaine Port with Humbert Yolianes initiative in 1931 CM Walters unique thing of Puh Sarang Church buildings are the church roof battens and rafters made of steel wire stretch, construction walls are made from a mixture of sand and drops without cement. Puh Sarang Church located in the Village District Semen Puh Sarang. To reach the church Puh Sarang can use any kind of vehicle + 9 km to the West Kediri.

Waterfall Irenggolo. 

A pristine natural attractions, is located in the village of Besuki village Jugo District of Mojo + 20 Km. Southwest towards Kediri. Waterfall with a height of 80 meters with a beautiful natural scenery

Kediri has a number of other interesting sights Simpang Lima Gumul (SLG), also built a world-class monument. Gumul monument is the shape and size similar to the L'Arc de Triomphe monument is in French.

There are a number of large boarding school in Kediri, including the famous boarding school and boarding school Lirboyo LDII Mburengan Banjaran.
Football club Persik Kediri Kediri come from the municipality, had won the football competition Liga Indonesia Year 2003.Kabupaten Kediri has Persedikab football club who are in Division 1.

Kediri. 

The town was originally in the form of a kingdom of Kediri. But eventually divided into two kingdoms, the kingdom Jenggala and Panjalu. Famous king of Kediri kingdom is Jayabaya`s. King is known for his work in the form of "Term Jayabaya`s" which contains a predictions that will happen in this country kelak.Setelah the heyday, Kediri kingdom slowly sinking and according to the history of the kingdom of Kediri Kertajaya Last King, he died in the mess in the village Tumapel in the fight against Ken Arok in 1222, Ken Arok was the first king whose territory Singosari replace Kediri Kingdom. Kediri during the Independence Revolution of 1945-1949 ever passed by the Great Commander General Sudirman, Kediri also noted a dark history as well as the era of revolt G-30 S, where many residents participating Kediri became victims.

Geography. 

The city is ± 128 km from Surabaya, the capital of the province of East Java. Of topographic aspect, Kediri is located at an average altitude of 67 m above sea level, with a slope of 0-40% level.
Structure Kediri region split into two parts by the river Brantas, the east and west of the river. Lowland region located in the eastern part of the river, covering the district. City and district. Pesantren, while the plateau is located at the western part of the river district. Mojoroto which is in the western part of the river is less fertile land which partly into the slopes of Mount Klotok (472 m) and Mount Maskumambang (300 m).
Administratively, located in the middle of Kediri Kediri region with boundaries as follows:

North: district. Gampengrejo and district. Grogol
South: district. Kandat, district. Ngadiluwih, and excl. Ringin rejo
East: district. Wates and district. Gurah
West: excl. Grogol and district. Cement

Here are the domestic cigarette industry. Gudang Garam cigarette company relative to help the local government to reduce unemployment in the town of Kediri. Kediri also develop industrial scale household.

Economy. 

The city is growing with increasing quality in various aspects. Start education, tourism, and shopping complex shop, government bureaucracy, to the sport. In the field of tourism, the city provides Pagora, Petilasan Aji Jayabaya`s, Selomangleng. It was supported by lodging facilities, supermarkets, transport and tourist bureau. In education, the city has dozens of elementary and secondary school level, some local college, Madrasah, to religious schools, such as Lirboyo, LDII, and Queen Al-Falah.
Under the leadership of Mayor H.A. Maschud, Kediri undergone various changes, such as the construction of the largest mall, the first 3-star hotel and tourist areas Selomangkleng national level. Maschud also planning the construction of a new bridge, opened the first wholesale market in Kediri, planned lane outer ring Kediri, and building a shop.
The city's economy is also heavily influenced by the activity of a large boarding school in the city center as LDII where every month has always held a grand recitation which invites thousands of members.
Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com 
author:
http://schema.org/Personal.
https://plus.google.com/105319794331231770941.
name: Bambang Sunarno. 
http://centryblog.blogspot.com/2014/09/glimpse-of-kediri.html
DatePublished: September 14, 2014 at 13:11

Tag : Glimpse of Kediri.

About me.

The first author introduced himself by name Bambang Sunarno of Kediri.
The author of a simple family deliberately set up this simple blog to provide information to readers around the world.
The purpose of the author in addition to providing information is to seek knowledge about blogs and the internet has penetrated the whole world to remote places. Blog author will be used for the advertiser as well as finding additional income. Hope the author is no constructive criticism of this simple blog to fix the things that are necessary for the health of this blog.
The author also introduces about in Kediri famous for historical sites that have been recognized by local and foreign tourists.
If the reader has a chance please visit Kediri with your family to see the sites that exist in Kediri.
So, thank you for reading this article. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
author:
http://schema.org/Personal.
https://plus.google.com/105319704331231770941.
name: Bambang Sunarno. 
http://centryblog.blogspot.com/2014/09/about-me.html
DatePublished: September 13, 2014 at 18:51

Tag : About Me.