Kediri Kingdom.

Kediri kingdom is a large kingdom in East Java, which stands in the 12th century. This kingdom is part of the Ancient Mataram Kingdom. Kerajaanya Center is located on the banks of the Brantas S. at that time had become a busy shipping lane.

Establishment of the kingdom of Kediri. 

Tondowongso discovery site in early 2007, which is believed to be the relics of the kingdom of Kadiri is expected to help provide more information about the kingdom. Several statues of ancient relics of the kingdom of Kediri. Statues found in Gayam village, Kediri was relatively rare because for the first time discovered a statue of Lord Shiva Chess Advance or four-faced. 

In the year 1041 or 963 M King Airlangga ordered to divide the empire into two parts. The division of the kingdom is done by a Brahmin who is known for his power is Bharada MPU. Both of these kingdoms became known as Kahuripan Jenggala (Kahuripan) and Panjalu (Kediri) is bounded by mountains and rivers Brantas Kawi told in Mahaksubya inscription (1289 AD), the book Negarakertagama (1365 AD), and book Charcoal Candidate (1540 AD). The purpose of the division of the kingdom into two in order to avoid conflict.

Jenggala royal delta covers an area of ​​Malang and Surabaya Brantas river with its harbor, Apex, and Pasuruhan, Kahuripan its capital, while Panjalu then known as Kediri Kediri include, Madison, and its capital Daha. Based on inscriptions found each kingdom each feel entitled to the entire throne, Airlangga so there was war.

In late November 1042, Airlangga was forced to divide his kingdom because his two sons vied for the throne. Son named Sri Samarawijaya get named Panjalu western empire centered in the new city, the Daha. While son named Mapanji Garasakan get named Janggala eastern empire centered in the old city, which is Kahuripan. Panjalu can be controlled Jenggala and diabadikanlah name Mapanji Garasakan King (1042 - 1052 AD) in the inscription Malenga. He still wears the symbol of the Kingdom of Airlangga, namely Garuda Mukha.

At the beginning of the civil war, won by Jenggala but on further developments Panjalu / Kediri who won the war and mastering all of the throne, Airlangga. Thus in East Java Kediri kingdom stood where the evidence explaining the kingdom, in addition to the discovery of the inscriptions also through literature books. And a lot of explaining about the kingdom of Kediri is a book of literary works. The results of the literature is a book written Kakawin Bharatayudha Sedah MPU and MPU Panuluh which tells about the victory of Kediri / Panjalu on Jenggala.

The development of the kingdom of Kediri. 

In a development that is capitalized Daha Kediri kingdom grow into large, while the kingdom Jenggala the sink. Allegedly Jenggala conquered by the Kingdom of Kediri. However, the loss of trace Jenggala may also be caused by the absence of inscriptions left behind or not the discovery of inscriptions left by the Kingdom Jenggala. Triumph of the kingdom of Kediri had fallen when King Kertajaya (1185-1222) at odds with the clergy. This situation is exploited by Akuwu Tumapel Ametung.

But then his position was taken by Ken Arok. Above this is the former kingdom of Kediri Ken Arok later founded the kingdom Singasari, and Kediri under the authority Singasari. When Singasari under the rule Kertanegara (1268 1292), there was unrest in the kingdom. Jayakatwang, king of Kediri which has been subject to Singasari joined Regent Sumenep (Madura) to drop Kertanegara. Finally in 1292 Jayakatwang beat Kertanegara and rebuild the glory of Kediri kingdom.

Political developments Kediri kingdom. 

Mapanji Garasakan ruled shortly. He was replaced King Mapanji Alanjung (1052 - 1059 AD). Mapanji Alanjung then replaced again by Sri Maharaja Samarotsaha. Ongoing battle between Jenggala and Panjalu cause for 60 years there is no clear news about the two kingdoms until the emergence of the name of King Bameswara (1116-1135 AD) of Kediri.

At that time the capital was moved from Panjalu Daha Kediri so this kingdom known as the Kingdom of Kediri. King Bameswara use the royal insignia fanged skull above a crescent moon which is called Candrakapala. After Bameswara abdicated, he was replaced Jayabaya`s that in his reign that had defeated Jenggala. Successive kings of Kediri since Jayabaya`s as follows.

In the year 1019 AD crowned king Airlangga Medang Kamulan. Airlangga trying to restore the dignity Medang Kamulan, after berahasil royal authority restored, Airlangga move the administrative center of Medang Kamulan to Kahuripan. Thanks to his efforts, Medang Kamulan achieve greatness and prosperity. Towards the end of his life, Airlangga decided to withdraw from the government and became a recluse as Resi Gentayu. Airlangga died in 1049 AD

The heir apparent should Medang Kamulan namely Sri Sanggramawijaya a daughter who was born of an empress. But for becoming a recluse, turning on the throne, Airlangga son born of a concubine. To avoid a civil war, Medang Kamulan divided into two kingdoms Kahuripan Jenggala with the capital, and the kingdom of Kediri (Panjalu) with the capital Dhaha. But these efforts have failed. It can be seen until the 12th century, where the Kediri kingdom remains a fertile and prosperous peaceful but still not entirely due overshadowed Jenggala who are in a weaker position. It made the atmosphere dark, full of hypocrisy and murder took place on the prince and the king - the king between the two countries. But this dispute ended with the defeat Jenggala, dipersatukandi back under the rule of the kingdom of Kediri.

Kediri kingdom system of government. 

Kediri kingdom system of government occurred several times in the succession, while the king - the king who ever ruled in the kingdom of Kediri is:
Shri Jayawarsa mighty Shastraprabhu
Jayawarsa was the first king of the kingdom of Kediri with inscriptions that dates to the year 1104. He named himself as the incarnation of Vishnu.

Kameshwara. 

King to the two kingdoms of Kediri who holds Sri Maharajarake Sirikan Shri Kameshwara Sakalabhuwanatushtikarana Sarwwaniwaryyawiryya Parakrama Digjayottunggadewa, better known as Kameshwara I (1115-1130). Lancana kerajaanya is called Candrakapala fanged skull. In the reign Darmaja MPU has changed samaradana book. In this book in praise of the king praised as incarnation of the god Kama, and its capital whose beauty is admired around the world named Dahana. Shri queen named Kirana, which comes from Janggala.

Jayabaya`s. 

King kediri third degree Maharaja Shri Shri Shri Kroncarryadipa Handabhuwanapalaka Parakramanindita Digjayotunggadewanama Gandra. With prasatinya in 1181. most famous king of Kediri is Jayabaya`s King, under the reign of Kediri achieve greatness. Expertise as an accomplished political leader Jayabaya`s famous with his predictions. The predictions were collected in a book entitled Joyoboyo stall. Spiritual and material support of the King Jayabaya`s and the culture and literature is not half-hearted. Populist attitude and vision are far ahead makes prabu Jayabaya`s distinct.

King Sarwaswera. 

As the king's religious and cultural, prabu Sarwaswera uphold the principle that means tat wam asi Dikaulah it, dikaulah (all), all beings are thee. The purpose of human life according to the last Sarwaswera prabu is mooksa, namely pemanunggalan jiwatma with paramatma. The right path is something that is moving towards unity, everything that hinders unity is not true.

King Kroncharyadipa. 

His name means Beteng truth, the prabu has always done justice to its people. As a devout religious plemeluk control themselves with the principles of his administration, sad kama wrath, the six kinds of enemies in man. The sixth is kroda (anger), moha (confusion), kama (lust), greedy (greedy), mada (drunk), masarya (envy).

Srengga Kertajaya. 

Srengga Kertajaya unremitting hard work for the sake of the nation state. Communities safe and secure so he hoped. The principle of the sanctity of prabu Srengga according to the puppeteer described by Prapanca.

Government Kertajaya 

The last king of Kediri in the future. Kertajaya noble king and is very concerned with the people. Kertajaya known as the checkers clan which means four roads, namely Dharma, arta, kama, moksha.

Social life of the kingdom of Kediri. http://centryblog.blogspot.com
Kediri social life is quite good because it increases the public welfare of the people live in peace, it is seen from the homes of its people are good, clean, and neat, and tile floors are colored yellow, and green as well as people have been using cloth until Kediri under knee. With the lives of its people safe and peaceful then art can flourish among others the most advanced literature is the art of literature. It is evident from the many literature results that you can know up to now.

The results of the literature, other than as described in the previous description of the material are still many other literary books is like a book written Hariwangsa and Gatotkacasraya Panuluh during Jayabaya`s Mpu, Mpu works Darmaja Simaradahana book, book Lubdaka and Tan Akung Wertasancaya Mpu works, the book Kresnayana works and books Sumanasantaka Triguna Mpu, Mpu Monaguna work. Everything was produced during the reign of Kameswara.

Tondowongso discovery site in early 2007, which is believed to be the relics of the kingdom of Kadiri is expected to help provide more information about the kingdom. Several statues of ancient relics of the kingdom of Kediri. Statues found in Gayam village, Kediri was relatively rare because for the first time discovered a statue of Lord Shiva Chess Advance or four-faced.

Social life in Kediri kingdom times can we see in the book of Ling-Wai-Tai-Ta compiled by Chou Ku-Fei in the year 1178 AD The book states that the people of Kediri wear cloth below the knees and her hair to be parsed. The houses were on average very clean and neat. The floor is made of tiles are colored yellow and green. His government was very concerned about the state of his people so that agriculture, animal husbandry, and trade progress quite rapidly. Classes of society Kediri divided into three based position in the royal government.
Group 1 community center (kingdom), which is contained in the environmental community and some of the king's relatives and servants group.
Group 2 thani community (region), which is a community group made up of government officials or officers in the area thani (area).
3 Group of non-governmental community, which community groups that have no government status and relationship with the public official or self-employed. Kediri have 300 more officers in charge of taking care of and record all royal income. In addition, there are 1,000 petty official in charge of taking care of the fort and the city moat, the royal treasury, and building food supplies.

Kediri kingdom is born of the division of the kingdom of Mataram by King Airlangga (1000-1049). Solving this is done in order to avoid disputes between the children his mistress. There is no clear evidence of how the kingdom is broken down and into pieces. In the Chronicle stated that the kingdom was divided four or five sections. But in its development, only two kingdoms are often called, the Kediri (Pangjalu) and Jenggala. Samarawijaya as the rightful heir to the kingdom got the old capital, namely Dahanaputra, and the name was changed to Pangjalu kingdom also known as the Kingdom of Kediri.

Economic conditions in the Age of Kadiri Kingdom. http://centryblog.blogspot.com 

Kediri economy comes over trade, livestock, and agriculture. Kediri known as a producer of rice, cotton and silk worms. Thus viewed from the economic aspect, the kingdom of Kediri quite prosperous. This is evident from the kingdom's ability to provide a steady income employees paid with cash crops. This information is obtained based on the book of Chi-Fan-Chi and the book of Ling-wai-tai-ta.

Literature and Inscriptions at Kadiri Kingdom Age. 

Inscription on Kadiri Kingdom era such as:
a. Banjaran inscription which dates to the year 1052 AD describes Panjalu or Kadiri victory over Jenggala
b. Inscription Hantang 1135 or 1052 AD describes Panjalu or Kadiri during King Jayabaya.Pada this inscription there Panjalu Jayati motto which means Menang.Prasasti Kadiri is issued as an instrument of ratification of a boon for the villagers Ngantang loyal to Kadiri during the war with Jenggala.Dan of the inscription can be in the know that the King is king Jayabhaya beat Janggala and unite again with Kadiri.

Inscription Japan as 1144 AD 

Inscription 1136 Talan M Arts literature also got a lot of attention in the days of the kingdom of Kadiri. Bhāratayuddha Kakawin in 1157 written by Mpu Mpu Panuluh Sedah and resolved. This book comes from the Mahabharata that contains the Pandavas victory over the Kauravas, as a metaphor, victory.

Literary arts received much attention in the days of the Kingdom Panjalu-Kadiri. Bhāratayuddha Kakawin in 1157 written by Mpu Mpu Panuluh Sedah and resolved. This book comes from the Mahabharata that contains the Pandavas victory over the Kauravas, as a metaphor victory over Sri Jayabhaya Janggala.

In addition, the MPU Panuluh also write Kakawin Hariwangsa and Ghatotkachasraya. There is also a poet of the reign of Sri Kameswara named Mpu Dharmaja who wrote Kakawin Smaradahana. Later during the reign of Kertajaya are poets who write Monaguna named Mpu and Mpu Sumanasantaka Triguna who wrote Kresnayana.

In addition to the books of literature and the inscription above, also found that many Chinese news gives an overview of the life of society and governance Kediri that can not be found from other sources. China News is compiled through a book titled Ling-mai-tai-ta written by Cho-ku-Fei in 1178 AD and the book of Chu-Fan-Chi written by Chau Ju-Kua-1225 through the inscription of M. Thus, literary books and books written by Chinese people is the development of Kediri.

The collapse of Kediri.   http://centryblog.blogspot.com 

The collapse of the empire during the reign of Kediri due Kertajaya, there is a conflict with the Brahmans. They have violated menggangap Kertajaya religion and forcing meyembahnya as gods. Then the Brahmans asked Ken Arok protection, akuwu Tumapel. The feud culminated in a battle in the village of Ganter, in the year 1222 AD In the pertempuarn Ken Arok can beat Kertajaya, at that time marked the end of Kediri kingdom.

After successfully budge the Kertanegara, Kediri Kingdom bounced back under the rule of Jayakatwang. One of the squad leaders Singasari, Raden Wijaya, had escaped to Madura. Due to good behavior, Jayakatwang allow Raden Wijaya to open Pull Forest as an area where he lives. In 1293, came the army sent by the Mongol Emperor Kublai Khan to take revenge against Kertanegara. Raden Wijaya advantage of this situation to attack Jayakatwang. He cooperated with the Mongols and Madura troops under the leadership of Arya Wiraraja to demolish Kediri. In the war Jayakatwang forces easily defeated. After that no more news about the kingdom of Kediri.  Thank you for reading this article.
Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com 
author:
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name: Bambang Sunarno. 
http://centryblog.blogspot.com/2014/09/kediri-kingdom.html
DatePublished: September 14, 2014 at 13:57

Tag : Kediri Kingdom.